Journal: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

Article Title: In Vitro and In Vivo Activities of HPi1, a Selective Antimicrobial against Helicobacter pylori

doi: 10.1128/AAC.02573-13

Figure Lengend Snippet: Broth microdilution MIC of HPi1 for a panel of microaerophilic and anaerobic bacteria

Article Snippet: More potent activity was detected for Campylobacter jejuni , a close relative of Helicobacter genus, with an MIC of 0.3 μg/ml. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 2 caption a7 Species Strain HPi1 MIC (μg/ml) Helicobacter pylori ATCC 43504 0.08–0.16 Campylobacter jejuni ATCC 33291 0.3 Bacteroides fragilis ATCC 25285 1.5 Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron ATCC 29148 3.1 Bifidobacterium longum ATCC BAA-999 >50 Lactobacillus casei ATCC 334 >50 Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 23272 >50 Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 8325-4 >50 Streptococcus mutans ATCC 700610 >50 Escherichia coli ATCC 700927 >50 Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 47077 >50 Clostridium perfringens ATCC 13124 25 Clostridium difficile CD196 >50 Open in a separate window Broth microdilution MIC of HPi1 for a panel of microaerophilic and anaerobic bacteria PubChem and ChemBank database searches revealed that HPi1 had been tested in numerous other high-throughput screens against diverse molecular and cell-based targets and was largely inactive, with no promiscuous or cytotoxic effects detected ( 29 , 30 ).

Techniques:

Journal: Microorganisms

Article Title: Antimicrobial Effects of L -Chg 10 -Teixobactin against Enterococcus faecalis In Vitro

doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10061099

Figure Lengend Snippet: The microtiter 96-well plate ( left ) and the agar plates ( right ) used in the experiments for the measurement of MIC and MBC against the two strains of E. faecalis . L -Chg 10 -teixobactin (T), DMSO (D), and ampicillin (A) were labelled on both the 96-well plate and the agar plates that were tested against: top row ( A ) ATCC 29212 strain; bottom row ( B ) ATCC 47077 strain.

Article Snippet: Materials and Methods: The efficacy of L -Chg 10 -teixobactin against two strains of E. faecalis (ATCC 29212 and 47077) was determined using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute methods.

Techniques:

Journal: Microorganisms

Article Title: Antimicrobial Effects of L -Chg 10 -Teixobactin against Enterococcus faecalis In Vitro

doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10061099

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) The inhibition rate of E. faecalis biofilm (MBIC) under L -Chg 10 -teixobactin treatments of different concentrations, i.e., MIC (0.8 μg/mL), MIC/2 (0.4 μg/mL), MIC/4 (0.2 μg/mL), and MIC/8 (0.1 μg/mL); ( B ) the log dose-response curve demonstrating two MBICs, i.e., 0.13 and 0.23 μg/mL, that achieved 80% reduction of E. faecalis biofilm (green arrow).

Article Snippet: Materials and Methods: The efficacy of L -Chg 10 -teixobactin against two strains of E. faecalis (ATCC 29212 and 47077) was determined using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute methods.

Techniques: Inhibition

Journal: Microorganisms

Article Title: Antimicrobial Effects of L -Chg 10 -Teixobactin against Enterococcus faecalis In Vitro

doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10061099

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) The results of the viability assay of 24 h old E. faecalis biofilm (MBEC) under L -Chg 10 -teixobactin treatments with different concentrations, i.e., 32 MIC (25.6 μg/mL), 16 MIC (12.8 μg/mL), 8 MIC (6.4 μg/mL), 4 MIC (3.2 μg/mL), 2 MIC (1.6 μg/mL), and MIC (0.8 μg/mL); ( B ) the log dose -response curve demonstrates the MBEC 50 (1.1 μg/mL), MBEC 70 (1.6 μg/mL), and MBEC 80 (4.6 μg/mL) required to achieve a 50% (red arrow), 70% (blue arrow), and 80% (green arrow) reduction in the metabolic activity of E. faecalis , respectively; ( C ) the results of the safranin assay used to measure the reduction in 24 h old E. faecalis biofilm under L -Chg 10 -teixobactin treatments with different concentrations as stated in ( A ); ( D ) the log dose-response curve demonstrates that the minimum concentration required for L -Chg 10 -teixobactin to achieve 50% reduction in the formation of E. faecalis biofilm was 1.1 μg/mL (red arrow).

Article Snippet: Materials and Methods: The efficacy of L -Chg 10 -teixobactin against two strains of E. faecalis (ATCC 29212 and 47077) was determined using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute methods.

Techniques: Viability Assay, Activity Assay, Concentration Assay

Journal: PLoS Pathogens

Article Title: A Product of Heme Catabolism Modulates Bacterial Function and Survival

doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003507

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) An equal number of CFUs of E. faecalis or E. coli (O157:H7 86-24) were mixed with increasing amounts of bilirubin (0, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 µM), biliverdin (500 µM), or α-tocopherol (500 µM), before spotting onto LB agar. Plates were grown at 37°C overnight. (B) Densitometry of bacterial lawns was measured using ImageJ software. (C) E. faecalis strains OG1RF (oral origin), X33 (fecal origin), UWH 1936 (blood origin), and NJ-3 (peritoneal fluid origin) were exposed to increasing concentrations of bilirubin (100, 200, or 300 µM) prior to spotting onto an LB-agar plate. Bacterial growth was captured by imaging the plates, and images were modified by adjusting brightness and contrast to best display colony formation (darker areas of image). (D) Growth of E. faecalis with bilirubin (yellow squares) or without bilirubin (white diamonds) was quantified by CFU plating. Bilirubin was titrated into E. faecalis cultures initially with bilirubin (red squares) and initially without bilirubin (orange squares) after 4 hours (marked by arrows). Error bars represent ± one standard deviation, n = 3, and (*) denotes a significant (P≤0.05) difference between treated samples and solvent-treated samples.

Article Snippet: Bacterial strains used in this study included Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 (EHEC) strain EDL933 (ATCC# 700927) and 86-24 , , E. coli serotype O104:H4 2011 German outbreak (EAEC) (generously provided by Dr. Alison Obrien, Uniformed Health Services), Enterococcus faecalis strain OG1RF (ATCC# 47077) , E. faecalis strain X33 (ATCC# 27274), E. faecalis strain UWH 1936 (ATCC# 49533), E. faecalis strain NJ-3 (ATCC# 51299), Staphylococcus aureus strain MW2 (ATCC# BAA-1707), and Bacillus cereus strain NRS 248 (ATCC# 10987).

Techniques: Software, Imaging, Modification, Standard Deviation, Solvent

Journal: PLoS Pathogens

Article Title: A Product of Heme Catabolism Modulates Bacterial Function and Survival

doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003507

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fold reduction in viability of bacteria exposed to bilirubin.

Article Snippet: Bacterial strains used in this study included Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 (EHEC) strain EDL933 (ATCC# 700927) and 86-24 , , E. coli serotype O104:H4 2011 German outbreak (EAEC) (generously provided by Dr. Alison Obrien, Uniformed Health Services), Enterococcus faecalis strain OG1RF (ATCC# 47077) , E. faecalis strain X33 (ATCC# 27274), E. faecalis strain UWH 1936 (ATCC# 49533), E. faecalis strain NJ-3 (ATCC# 51299), Staphylococcus aureus strain MW2 (ATCC# BAA-1707), and Bacillus cereus strain NRS 248 (ATCC# 10987).

Techniques: Bacteria

Journal: PLoS Pathogens

Article Title: A Product of Heme Catabolism Modulates Bacterial Function and Survival

doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003507

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Bacteria including EHEC (86-24), E. faecalis , S. aureus , and B. cereus were incubated with heme, biliverdin, bilirubin, and bilirubin ditaurate (0, 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 75, 100, 250 and 500 µM for heme and bilirubin (B,C), or 500 µM for biliverdin and bilirubin ditaurate (A)) and membrane permeability monitored by propidium iodide fluorescence. (D) E. faecalis OG1RF was cultured to mid-log phase and exposed to bilirubin, alpha-tocopherol, and CCCP (each 100 µM). DiSC 3 (5) (1 µM final concentration), a fluorescent compound which increases in intensity when associated with polarized membranes, was supplemented into cultures before quantifying the fluorescence intensity at excitation 622 nm and emission 670 nm. Error bars represent ± one standard deviation, n = 3, and (*) denotes a significant (P≤0.05) difference while (**) denotes a non-significant difference (P>0.05) between treated samples and solvent-treated samples.

Article Snippet: Bacterial strains used in this study included Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 (EHEC) strain EDL933 (ATCC# 700927) and 86-24 , , E. coli serotype O104:H4 2011 German outbreak (EAEC) (generously provided by Dr. Alison Obrien, Uniformed Health Services), Enterococcus faecalis strain OG1RF (ATCC# 47077) , E. faecalis strain X33 (ATCC# 27274), E. faecalis strain UWH 1936 (ATCC# 49533), E. faecalis strain NJ-3 (ATCC# 51299), Staphylococcus aureus strain MW2 (ATCC# BAA-1707), and Bacillus cereus strain NRS 248 (ATCC# 10987).

Techniques: Bacteria, Incubation, Membrane, Permeability, Fluorescence, Cell Culture, Concentration Assay, Standard Deviation, Solvent